The 9M119 ''Svir'', 9M119M ''Refleks'' (

NATO reporting name NATO reporting names are code names for military equipment from Russia, China, and historically, the Eastern Bloc (Soviet Union and other nations of the Warsaw Pact). They provide unambiguous and easily understood English words in a uniform manne ...

AT-11 ''Sniper'') are laser

beam riding Beam-riding, also known as Line-Of-Sight Beam Riding (LOSBR) or beam guidance, is a technique of directing a missile to its target by means of radar or a laser beam. The name refers to the way the missile flies down the guidance beam, which is ai ...

, guided

anti-tank missile An anti-tank guided missile (ATGM), anti-tank missile, anti-tank guided weapon (ATGW) or anti-armor guided weapon is a Missile guidance, guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy Armoured fighting vehicle, heavily armored military v ...

s developed in the former

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...

. The two missiles are similar, but vary in range and launch platform. Both are designed to be fired from smoothbore 125 mm tank and anti-tank guns ( 2A45, 2A46 and 2A46M). The name ''Svir'' comes from the

River Svir A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases, a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of wate ...

, while ''Refleks'' means

reflex In biology, a reflex, or reflex action, is an involuntary, unplanned sequence or action and nearly instantaneous response to a stimulus. Reflexes are found with varying levels of complexity in organisms with a nervous system. A reflex occurs ...

. The 9M119 replaces, or supplants, the

9K112 Kobra The 9K112 Kobra (NATO reporting name: AT-8 Songster) is a SACLOS anti-tank missile system of the Soviet Union. It is fired from the 125 mm main guns of the T-64 and T-80 series of tanks. A newer design based on the same concept is the 9M119 ( ...

Refleks

The ''Refleks'' is launched through cannons of

T-90 The T-90 is a third-generation Russian main battle tank. It uses a 125mm 2A46 smoothbore main gun, the 1A45T fire-control system, an upgraded engine, and gunner's thermal sight. Standard protective measures include a blend of steel and compos ...

and Serbian

M-84AS The M-84AS prototype main battle tank is a modernized version of the M-84 produced by Yugoimport SDPR in Serbia. M-84AS is sometimes referred to as ''M-84AB1'' and ''M-2001'' and is based mostly on imported components. Design The modernization give ...

and some versions of the

T-80 The T-80 is a main battle tank (MBT) that was designed and manufactured in the former Soviet Union and manufactured in Russia. The T-80 is based on the T-64, while incorporating features from the later T-72. The chief designer of the T-80 was So ...

and

T-84 The T-84 is a Ukrainian main battle tank (MBT), based on the Soviet T-80 MBT introduced in 1976, specifically the diesel engine version: T-80UD. The T-84 was first built in 1994 and entered service in the Ukrainian Armed Forces in 1999. Its h ...

tanks. It has also been produced by the

People's Republic of China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

for use with its Type 99 tank. The Indian defence ministry has signed a contract with

Bharat Dynamics Limited Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) is one of India's manufacturers of ammunitions and missile systems. It was founded in 1970 in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. BDL was established to be a manufacturing base for guided weapon systems and begun with a p ...

(BDL), a public sector company under Department of Defence Production, for supplying Invar Anti Tank Guided Missiles to the Indian Army. BDL has been manufacturing these missiles under technical collaboration with Rosoboronexport. It can also be fired from the 2A45 Sprut-B anti-tank gun. The Invar 9M119M and Invar 9M119M1 (Invar-M) are fired from a 125 mm gun. It is ejected by the 9Kh949 ejecting device and the rocket motor is ignited after the missile leaves the barrel. Ram air collected by the air intakes in the nose is used to provide power to move the control fins. The 17.2 kg (37.8 pound) missile is 690 mm (27.1 inches) long and has pop-out fins (with a 250 mm/69 girth span) that aid in guidance. The missile is guided by the modulated laser beam steered by the tank gunner. The missile has a maximum range of 5,000 meters at a speed of 350 meters per second (17.69 seconds max flight time). The Invar enables the tank to hit targets at twice the range of the 125mm shells. The tandem warhead can penetrate up to 900 mm of armor (35.4 inches). Missile 9M119M "Invar" was put into service in 1992, and the missile 9M119M1 "Invar-M" in the second half of the 1990s. There are also high explosive versions produced named 9M119F and 9M119F1 which are intended to defeat enemy personnel.

Svir

The ''Svir'' is used with the

T-72 The T-72 is a family of Soviet/Russian main battle tanks that entered production in 1969. The T-72 was a development of the T-64, which was troubled by high costs and its reliance on immature developmental technology. About 25,000 T-72 tanks ha ...

and

tank series.

Similar weapons

* United States:

MGM-51 Shillelagh The Ford MGM-51 ''Shillelagh'' (MGM meaning Mobile Guided Missile) was an American anti-tank guided missile designed to be launched from a conventional gun (cannon). It was originally intended to be the medium-range portion of a short, medium, and ...

used with the

M551 Sheridan The M551 "Sheridan" AR/AAV ( Armored Reconnaissance/Airborne Assault Vehicle) was a light tank developed by the United States and named after General Philip Sheridan, of American Civil War fame. It was designed to be landed by parachute and to sw ...

light tank, and the short lived

M60A2 The M60 is an American second-generation main battle tank (MBT). It was officially standardized as the Tank, Combat, Full Tracked: 105-mm Gun, M60 in March 1959. Although developed from the M48 Patton, the M60 tank series was never officially ...

MBT. * United States:

XM1111 Mid-Range Munition The XM1111 Mid-Range Munition (MRM) is a 120 mm precision guided munition developed for the Rheinmetall Rh-120 120mm gun (named the ''M256'' in the US military) used by Rheinmetall Rh-120#Operators, several Western tanks. It was also intended ...

which was attempted to be developed for the M1A2 SEP Abrams MBT. * Russia:

(AT-8 Songster) is also fired through 125-mm smoothbore gun tubes. * India: SAMHO fired from 120mm main gun of Arjun MBT. * Israel:

LAHAT The LAHAT (''Laser Homing Attack'' or ''Laser Homing Anti-Tank'', also a Hebrew word for incandescence) is a third generation semi-active laser homing guided low-weight anti-tank guided missile developed since 1991 and manufactured by Israel A ...

, used with their 105 and 120-mm gun tubes. * France: 142mm anti-tank missile, tested on a version of the

AMX-30 The AMX-30 is a main battle tank designed by Ateliers de construction d'Issy-les-Moulineaux (AMX, then GIAT) and first delivered to the French Army in August 1966. The first five tanks were issued to the 501st ''Régiment de Chars de Combat'' (T ...

MBT. *

Ukraine Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...

tandem-warhead A tandem-charge or dual-charge weapon is an explosive device or projectile that has two or more stages of detonation, assisting it to penetrate either reactive armour on an armoured vehicle or strong structures. Anti-tank Tandem charges are ef ...

ATGM with a 5,000-m effective range, fired from 125-mm smoothbore guns. 950 mm penetration. *

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

: Reversed engineered version of the Svir with max range of 4,000 meters named Tondar.

Specifications

* Range: ** Svir: 75 to 4,000 m ** Refleks: 75 to 5,000 m * Weight (complete round): ** Svir: 28 kg ** Refleks: 24.3 kg * Missile Weight: ** Svir: 16.5 kg ** Refleks: 17.2 kg * Warhead: Tandem HEAT * Penetration: 700–900 mm of RHA * Time of flight to 4,000 m: 11.7 s * Time of flight to 5,000 m: 17.6 s

Operators

Current operators

* * * * * * - according to

SIPRI Sipri may refer to: *As-Safira, a city in Syria, known in pre-Islamic times as Sipri *Shivpuri, a city and a municipality in Madhya Pradesh, India, formerly known as Sipri *Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Stockholm Internatio ...

Pakistan received 1,920 9M119 from Belarus by 1999 to be used on its

T-80UD The T-80 is a main battle tank (MBT) that was designed and manufactured in the former Soviet Union and manufactured in Russia. The T-80 is based on the T-64, while incorporating features from the later T-72. The chief designer of the T-80 was So ...

, although current status uncertain * * * Captured 30 examples from retreating Russian Army positions in Kharkiv oblast September 2022. *

Former operators

* - Passed on to Russia. * - Retired in early 2019, with the T-80U Main battle tanks.

References

;Citations ;Bibliography * ''Jane's ammunition handbook 2003–2004''.
RED THRUST STAR : U.S. Forces Command OPFOR Training Program

{{Russian and Soviet missiles, ATM Anti-tank guided missiles of Russia Anti-tank guided missiles of the Soviet Union Anti-tank guided missiles of the Cold War KBP Instrument Design Bureau products Degtyarev Plant products Military equipment introduced in the 1980s